Photonic generation of millimetre- and submillimetre-waves using rectangular-waveguide-output uni-travelling-carrier photodiode module

The generation of millimetre- and submillimetre-waves by uni-travelling-carrier photodiode module with WR-8 output port is investigated in a frequency range of up to 800 GHz. A steep decrease of the output power with increasing frequency is observed, implying that an additional loss in the electrical waveguide has a considerable influence.     

GigaOp DSP on FPGA

DSP algorithms such as automated target recognition and SONAR beamforming are a good match for FPGA technology due to their regular structure, available parallelism, pipeline-ability, and modest data word sizes. FPGA implementations of these applications outperformed their DSP and microprocessor counterparts by factors ranging from 10× on up with an equivalent sustained computational rate of more than 2 GOps/second per FPGA. This paper introduces a set of criteria which have a great impact on how well an application maps to FPGA technology. It then describes two applications in detail and the process of mapping each to FPGA technology. Comparisons with software implementations are made and followed by conclusions and future challenges.     

Structural simulation of tree growth and response

Published online: 5 February 2003     

How does one know whether a person understands a device? The quality of the questions the person asks when the device breaks down.

Models of question asking predict that questions are asked when comprehenders experience cognitive disequilibrium, which is triggered by contradictions, anomalies, obstacles, salient contrasts, and uncertainty. Questions should emerge when a person studies a device (e.g., a lock) and encounters a breakdown scenario ("the key turns but the bolt doesn't move"). Participants read illustrated texts and breakdown scenarios, with instructions to ask questions or think aloud. Participants subsequently completed a device-comprehension test, and tests of cognitive ability and personality. Deep comprehenders did not ask more questions, but did generate a higher proportion of good questions about plausible faults that explained the breakdowns. An excellent litmus test of deep comprehension is the quality of questions asked when confronted with breakdown scenarios. (PsycINFO Database Record (c) 2010 APA, all rights reserved)     

Trust, trustworthiness, and trust propensity: A meta-analytic test of their unique relationships with risk taking and job performance.

The trust literature distinguishes trustworthiness (the ability, benevolence, and integrity of a trustee) and trust propensity (a dispositional willingness to rely on others) from trust (the intention to accept vulnerability to a trustee based on positive expectations of his or her actions). Although this distinction has clarified some confusion in the literature, it remains unclear (a) which trust antecedents have the strongest relationships with trust and (b) whether trust fully mediates the effects of trustworthiness and trust propensity on behavioral outcomes. Our meta-analysis of 132 independent samples summarized the relationships between the trust variables and both risk taking and job performance (task performance, citizenship behavior, counterproductive behavior). Meta-analytic structural equation modeling supported a partial mediation model wherein trustworthiness and trust propensity explained incremental variance in the behavioral outcomes when trust was controlled. Further analyses revealed that the trustworthiness dimensions also predicted affective commitment, which had unique relationships with the outcomes when controlling for trust. These results generalized across different types of trust measures (i.e., positive expectations measures, willingness-to-be-vulnerable measures, and direct measures) and different trust referents (i.e., leaders, coworkers). (PsycINFO Database Record (c) 2011 APA, all rights reserved)     

Reciprocal influences between parents' marital problems and adolescent internalizing and externalizing behavior.

The present study examines reciprocal associations between marital functioning and adolescent maladjustment using cross-lagged autoregressive models. The research involved 451 early adolescents and their families and used a prospective, longitudinal research design with multi-informant methods. Results indicate that parental conflicts over child rearing predicted adolescent depressive symptoms and delinquency. In turn, these adolescent problems exacerbated parental conflicts over child rearing. Furthermore, conflict over child rearing served as the nexus through which more generalized marital dissatisfaction and adolescent adjustment problems were reciprocally interrelated. This research replicates earlier observations that marital problems intensify adolescent maladjustment and extends the literature by demonstrating that adolescent problems also predict marital conflict and ultimately marital dissatisfaction. In sum, the present study demonstrates that marital dissatisfaction, conflict over child rearing, and early adolescent adjustment difficulties are interwoven in a dynamic family system marked by reciprocity along these dimensions. (PsycINFO Database Record (c) 2010 APA, all rights reserved)     

Changes in culture, changes in personality: The influence of individualism in a longitudinal study of women.

The influence of increasing individualism in U.S. culture on personality development was investigated with an index recently developed by H. Gough (1991) that traces changes in individualism from 1950 to 1985. Seventy-seven women followed from 1958 to 1989 (assessed at ages 21, 27, 43, and 52) showed increases on the index of individualism that paralleled changes in large cross-sectional samples over the same period. Increases on the individualism index were associated with increases in self-focus (narcissism) and decreases in norm adherence. Increases over the long middle period (1963–1964 to 1981), when the largest change occurred, were predicted by college-age measures of ego strength and adjustment and showed a positive relation to psychosocial and physical health at age 43. Increases in individualism may have helped women respond to radical changes in women's roles during the late 1960s and 1970s. (PsycINFO Database Record (c) 2011 APA, all rights reserved)     

Emotion, motivation, and text comprehension: The detection of contradictions in passages.

The authors investigated the effects of experimentally induced mood rates on the identification of contradictions in text passages and ratings of comprehension in 3 experiments. Mood impaired comprehension in college students across a variety of passages, as evidenced by a depressive impairment in contradiction identification and an increased number of false identifications among depressed participants. Additionally, depressed individuals were less accurate in their judgments of passage difficulty. These findings are consistent with the resource allocation model of mood effects, which attributes impaired comprehension to the activation of intrusive, irrelevant thoughts during reading of the passage It is further argued that these results cannot be explained simply by a deficit in motivation of the depressed participants. (PsycINFO Database Record (c) 2010 APA, all rights reserved)     

16.7-fA/cell tunnel-leakage-suppressed 16-Mb SRAM for handling cosmic-ray-induced multierrors

Tunnel-leakage currents become the dominant form of leakage as MOS technology advances. An electric-field-relaxation scheme that suppresses these currents is described. Cosmic-ray-induced multierrors have now become a serious problem at sea level. An alternate error checking and correction architecture for the handling of such errors is also described, along with the application of both schemes in an ultralow-power 16-Mb SRAM. A test chip fabricated by using 0.13-/spl mu/m CMOS technology showed per-cell standby-current values of 16.7 fA at 25/spl deg/C and 101.7 fA at 90/spl deg/C. The chip provided a 99.5% reduction in soft errors under accelerated neutron-exposure testing.